On June 13, 2025, Israel attacked Iran's nuclear facilities after Israeli intelligence stated Iran was "within 15 days" of creating a nuclear bomb.

Israel conducted over 1,500 airstrikes in 12 days, destroying or damaging Iran's nuclear, military and ballistic missile infrastructure. Israel eliminated 11 nuclear scientists, over 30 senior military commanders and hundreds of IRGC members. The war was officially called "Operation Rising Lion."

Iran retaliated with 1,600 missiles and drones, of which Israel intercepted over 95 percent. Iran targeted military sites, civilian apartment buildings and a hospital. 28 Israelis were killed and 3,343 injured.

On June 22, 2025, the U.S. bombed five Iranian nuclear sites with bunker-buster bombs and cruise missiles, then brokered a June 24, 2025 ceasefire.